Asian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Asian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (AJoEEE) is a blind, peer-reviewed, open-access biannual journal published in March and September. Its mission is to contribute to original, high-quality research. The journal publishes research papers in the fields of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. Journal site: https://alambiblio.com/ojs/index.php/ajoeee
The Asian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Design and Analysis of Digital Control Buck Converter for optimum performance
Section: Articles Keywords: Buck Converter, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), PI controller This paper aims to design and analyze a digitally controlled buck converter meant for applications requiring DC voltage under varying input voltages and load conditions. The buck converter is designed with a switching frequency of 40 kHz, an inductor value of 200 µH, and a capacitor of 100 µF with Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). The Proportional-Integral (PI) controller is used to maintain the output voltage steady. For simulation and performance evaluation, PSpice and MATLAB/Simulink software are selected. This paper aims to create a digital control system that is better than the traditional analog controllers, offering precise and adaptive regulation. The simulation results highlight how effective the digital PI controller is at reducing voltage ripple and maintaining the output voltage, even when the inputs and loads vary. This study covers detailed parameter calculations, controller design, circuit simulation, and performance analysis, providing a thorough overview of the digitally controlled buck converter system.
Copyright (c) 2025 AlamBiblilo Publishers https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Energy Efﬁciency Optimization in Algorithm for RIS-Assisted UAV-Enabled MEC-IoT Networks
Section: Articles Keywords: RIs, UaVs, MEC The combination of drones and smart reconfigurable surfaces (RISs) is becoming increasingly important for improving energy efficiency and wireless communication performance in Internet of Things (IoT) networks. This research focuses on developing an iterative optimization algorithm based on the fmincon algorithm in MATLAB. Sensing and transmission parameters are updated simultaneously at each iteration to achieve maximum energy efficiency. The algorithm starts with initial values. To optimize the energy efficiency of a system integrating a drone that provides mobile edge computing (MEC) services to IoT devices, the proposed system takes into account several critical factors, including drone trajectory optimization, optimal bit allocation between local and drone processing, and phase shift optimization in smart reconfigurable surfaces. The goal is to maximize overall energy efficiency by jointly optimizing these elements through a novel algorithm that alternates between optimizing the smart reconfigurable surfaces' phase shifts, the drone trajectory, and bit allocation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed solution significantly outperforms other measurement approaches in terms of energy efficiency, while examining the impact of variables such as the number of users, the reflectance elements of reconfigurable smart surfaces, and base station antennas on system performance. In conclusion, this research presents a novel approach to enhancing energy efficiency in RIS-enabled and drone-enabled MEC systems for IoT networks, achieving significant improvements over existing methods.
Impact Analysis of Energy-Efficient Demand-Side Management in Six-Bus Systems: Replacing Lighting Loads Based on Consumer Preferences
Section: Articles Keywords: opf, THD, Power Quality, CFL One of the most important strategies for improving power utilization and lowering total energy usage in distribution systems is energy-efficient Demand Side Management (DSM). Within a substation's load profile, this study assesses the effects of swapping out incandescent lights for consumer-preferred, energy efficient substitutes like LEDs and Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs). Despite certain harmonic distortion issues related to non-linear lighting loads like CFLs, DSM techniques in particular, demand response strategies have been demonstrated to lower power costs, improve power factor, but increase Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). The study evaluates system metrics, including power, THD, power factor, and energy consumption, under different load combinations using MATLAB simulations. The findings of analyzing optimal power flow (OPF) on a six-bus network and modeling a balanced three-phase system show decreases in real power demand, operational losses, and system expenses. Additionally, the economic advantages of DSM interventions are highlighted by differences in Locational Marginal Pricing (LMP) among bus nodes. Results indicate that DSM techniques greatly improve system sustainability and efficiency in power distribution networks by implementing targeted load reduction and energy-efficient lighting.
Performance Analysis of a Microcontroller-Based Overvoltage and Overcurrent Protection System
Section: Articles Keywords: Microcontroller, Static Relay, Fault protection A microcontroller-based over-voltage and over-current monitoring and protection system has been developed to enhance the safety and reliability of electrical systems by automatically disconnecting the circuit under fault conditions. The system integrates a PIC18F2550 microcontroller, relay switches, transistors, current transformers (CT), potential transformers (PT), and other discrete components, with a Windows-based graphical user interface (GUI) programmed in Visual Basic and USB communication for real-time monitoring and control. The microcontroller processes voltage and current signals from the CT and PT, compares them against predefined threshold values, and activates the relay driver through a transistor when an over-voltage or over-current condition is detected, disconnecting the circuit after a brief delay to prevent damage. Experimental results validate the system's effectiveness; for example, it successfully triggered protection at 4.7 A against a 4.5 A current threshold and at 214 V against a 210 V voltage threshold. Various test scenarios confirmed the system’s reliability in identifying and responding to fault conditions. Compared to recent research, the proposed design demonstrates improved performance in detection speed, operational accuracy, and system simplicity, offering a robust and cost-effective solution for modern electrical protection needs.
Section: Editorial Keywords: Editorial, Table of Contents CHIEF EDITOR Prof. Dr. AHM Zahirul Alam, IIUM, Malaysia EXECUTIVE EDITOR Assoc. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Mahbubur Rashid, IIUM, Malaysia EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Prof. Dr. Sheroz Khan Onaizah College of Engineering and Information Technology Saudi Arab Prof. Dr. AHM Asadul Huq Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Dhaka University, Bangladesh Prof. Dr. Pran Kanai Shaha Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh Assoc. Prof. Dr. SMA Motakabber Faculty of Engineering International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia Prof. Dr. ABM Harun Ur Rashid Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh Prof. Dr. Joarder Kamruzzaman Engineering and Information Technology Federal University, Australia Dr. Md Arafatur Rahman Reader in Cyber Security University of Wolverhampton, UK Aims & Scope of Asian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The Asian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (AJoEEE), published biannually (March and September), is a peer-reviewed open-access journal of the AlamBiblio Press. The Asian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (AJoEEE) publishes original research findings as regular papers, review papers (by invitation). The Journal provides a platform for Engineers, Researchers, Academicians, and Practitioners who are highly motivated to contribute to the Electrical and Electronics Engineering disciplines. It also welcomes contributions that address the developing world's specific challenges and address science and technology issues from a multidisciplinary perspective. Referees' Network All papers submitted to AJoEEE Journal will be subjected to a rigorous reviewing process through a worldwide network of specialised and competent referees. Each accepted paper should have at least two positive referees' assessments. Submission of a Manuscript A manuscript should be submitted online to the Asian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (AJoEEE) website https://alambiblio.com/ojs/index.php/ajoeee. Further correspondence on the status of the paper could be done through the journal website.
A Comparative Study Between Transformer Coupled Un-Tuned and Tuned Power Derivative Circuits for Ultrasonic Cleaning System
Section: Articles Keywords: Ultrasonic, Piezoelectric Effect, Ultrasonic Transducer , Megasonic Transducer This paper discusses the challenges in developing a high-efficiency driver circuit for an ultrasonic cleaning system. The main issue lies in finding the suitable driver circuit and drive signal to ensure the correct frequency level for the ultrasonic transducer. This difficulty affects the removal of contaminants from inaccessible areas due to the inability to control cavitation bubbles. To address these problems, the authors studied the behaviour of piezoelectric transducers and designed driver and output power circuits. The LTspice XVII software was used to design and simulate various circuits, and it was found that trapezoidal pulses were the most suitable drive signals for avoiding power loss and achieving reasonable efficiency. The generated output frequency of 38.6 kHz provides sufficient energy for cleaning various small metallic items like jewellery, wristwatches, glasses, etc. The findings of this study will be helpful for those conducting research in this area in the future.
Copyright (c) 2024 AlamBiblilo Publishers https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A Systematic Review on Facial Detection and Recognition: Limitations and Opportunities
Section: Articles Keywords: Detection, Recognition, Masked, Facial, Artificial Intelligence, Algorithms. Face recognition technology is a biometric tool that identifies people by facial characteristics. Individuals collect the facial photography, which is then automatically processed by picture recognition software. Face detection and recognition have several potential applications in various departments like security, education, healthcare, etc. Therefore, the fundamentals and methods of broad facial detection and recognition have been discussed in this article. Owing to the outbreak of the pandemic, people are now required to wear masks so that the spreading of the coronavirus is prevented, which makes it challenging to monitor sizable crowds of mask-wearing individuals. Face masks have higher interclass similarities and interclass variability because they cover a significant portion of the face, fooling face recognition systems' facial verification process. Thus, this paper has also discussed various aspects of masked face recognition.
Detection, Recognition, Masked, Facial, Artificial Intelligence, Algorithms.
Securing the IoT Edge Devices Using Advanced Digital Technologies
Section: Articles Keywords: IoT, Edge computing, Cyberattacks, Artificial intelligence, Machine learning As the IoT ecosystem continues to grow, edge computing is becoming essential for handling and analyzing the vast amount of data generated by connected devices. Unlike traditional centralized data models, where information is sent to remote centers for processing, edge computing processes data closer to where it is generated. This decentralized approach helps reduce latency, optimizes bandwidth usage, and improves both privacy and security. However, the rise in IoT devices and the spread of edge computing also increase the potential for cyberattacks, demanding more robust security measures. With AI and machine learning being utilized to analyze IoT data, edge computing facilitates this analysis directly at the data source, pointing to a future where AI and ML applications are more prevalent on edge devices.
Copyright (c) 2021 AlamBiblilo Publishers https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Ripeness Assessment and Quality Control of Mango Gold Susu using an E-Nose System
Section: Articles Keywords: e-nose, support vector machine, principal component analysis, VOC In this paper, the development and implementation of an electronic nose (e-nose) system utilizing the MQ sensor series from MOS-type gas sensors to classify mango gold susu ripeness is presented. The system's performance was enhanced through machine learning techniques, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for data dimensionality reduction and Support Vector Machine (SVM) for classification. The SVM classifier demonstrated high accuracy, particularly in identifying unripe and overripe mangoes, with accuracy scores of 1.00 and 0.99, respectively. A comprehensive database of volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles was established, leading to a precise prediction model for assessing the different stages of ripeness based on the mango’s VOC profile.
Improving Crowd Counting Performance: A Convolutional Neural Network Approach with Transfer Learning
Section: Articles Keywords: Crowd Counting, VGG16, Enhanced Performance, Smart Cities, Public Safety, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Precise crowd counting is critical to public safety and smart city planning since it solves the problems associated with the time-consuming manual counting of people in photos and videos. Transfer learning has become a key building block for improving crowd counting techniques, especially when used to Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Because pretrained models already know the pertinent weights and architecture, using them in transfer learning minimizes computational demands and shortens training time. This paper presents a crowd counting method with an emphasis on optimizing the VGG16 model with a mall dataset. The results show that using VGG16 for transfer learning leads to higher performance when compared to more modern methods like AdaCrowd and PSSW models. In addition, the paper highlights how adaptable our proposed method is and how well it can transfer knowledge from one dataset to another.
Crowd Counting, VGG16, Enhanced Performance, Smart Cities, Public Safety, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs).
Improving the Privacy in Wireless-Enabled 5G Networks: A Lightweight Protocol for IIoT Communications
Section: Articles Keywords: Wireless, Privacy, VID, AI/ML, IIoT, Security threats, 5G networks The vision and major elements of the fifth generation (5G) ecosystem have previously been explored. We examine how security may impact the envisioned 5G wireless systems and the challenges and potential solutions to aid in these efforts and define the security and privacy aspects of 5G networks. 5G networks have provided solutions for quicker machine control, problem identification, performance analysis, and data access. Interaction between Internet of Things (IoT) nodes occur across an unsecured wireless channel, which has positive and negative effects. Despite being physically separated, unauthorized nodes could communicate via an unprotected wireless channel to gather data and take over industrial devices. Secure sessions can mitigate these risks, but it might be challenging to construct a secure session over a weak channel. To address this issue, the Variable Identification (VID) is used. VID offers a simple key exchange platform to authorized Industry Internet of Things (IIoT) nodes while guarding against unauthorized use. The lightweight changeable pseudonyms used by VID for trust-building are selected at random from a pool discovered in the home network and terminal devices. All IDs are chosen at random from a pool and are used to protect data against forgery, replay, alteration, impersonation, and man-in-the-middle attacks, among other things, between the home network and terminal equipment. The ProVerif tool is used to evaluate the suggested system, and the findings demonstrate that it is trustworthy and resistant to prospective attacks.
Evaluation of Classification Algorithms in Tracing Malicious Telephone Numbers
Section: Articles Keywords: Telecommunications, classification, machine learning, network Mobile phones and telecommunications networks have recently played an important role in modern society. They are dispensable parts of our lives as they facilitate the way we communicate. However, apart from their benefit, their proliferation has some drawbacks as telephone networks can be exploited. For example, commercial calls can be made repeatedly to advertise companies’ products. These calls annoy customers because they promote products without considering customers’ interests. These unexpected calls not only cause a negative impact on the networks but also disturb mobile phone users. To confront this problem, the network administrators need some methods to detect the phone numbers that are used to make the harassment. Therefore, we proposed a solution based on machine learning classification models. Then the performance of some models, namely K-Nearest Neighbors, Decision Tree, and Logistic Regression, is compared. By applying the machine learning models, network administrators can identify and restrict malicious telephone numbers.
Section: Editorial Keywords: Editorial CHIEF EDITOR Prof. Dr. AHM Zahirul Alam, IIUM, Malaysia EXECUTIVE EDITOR Assoc. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Mahbubur Rashid, IIUM, Malaysia EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Prof. Dr. Sheroz Khan Onaizah College of Engineering and Information Technology Saudi Arab Prof. Dr. AHM Asadul Huq Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Dhaka University, Bangladesh Prof. Dr. Pran Kanai Shaha Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh Assoc. Prof. Dr. SMA Motakabber Faculty of Engineering International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia Prof. Dr. ABM Harun Ur Rashid Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh Prof. Dr. Joarder Kamruzzaman Engineering and Information Technology Federal University, Australia Dr. Md Arafatur Rahman Reader in Cyber Security University of Wolverhampton, UK Aims & Scope of Asian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The Asian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (AJoEEE), published biannually (March and September), is a peer-reviewed open-access journal of the AlamBiblio Press. The Asian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (AJoEEE) publishes original research findings as regular papers, review papers (by invitation). The Journal provides a platform for Engineers, Researchers, Academicians, and Practitioners who are highly motivated to contribute to the Electrical and Electronics Engineering disciplines. It also welcomes contributions that address the developing world's specific challenges and address science and technology issues from a multidisciplinary perspective. Referees' Network All papers submitted to AJoEEE Journal will be subjected to a rigorous reviewing process through a worldwide network of specialised and competent referees. Each accepted paper should have at least two positive referees' assessments. Submission of a Manuscript A manuscript should be submitted online to the Asian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (AJoEEE) website https://alambiblio.com/ojs/index.php/ajoeee. Further correspondence on the status of the paper could be done through the journal website.
Development of Agile Project Management Framework in Oil and Gas Companies in Kuwait
Section: Articles The Petroleum industry requires construction and renovation of 'upstream' and 'downstream' facilities. Kuwait Oil Company is dealing with the exploration and manufacturing of crude oil & natural gas. EPC projects perform an essential role in the technology of new physical amenities to keep or decorate production. Project administration has developed incredibly over time due to several strategies to deal with building activities. Schedule and Budget are the two most important concerns required to be optimised all through execution. Therefore, a very excellent & efficient challenge management system is wished and has to be framed to deal with the fundamental capital construction projects. In effect, help the organisation makes have an impact on the country's economy.
Copyright (c) 2021 Asian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Mega Projects Evaluation Criteria: Case Studies from Kuwait Industrial Project
Section: Articles Keywords: Mega Projects, Industrial, Policy Mega Urban Regeneration Projects (MURPs) have become key features of regeneration in many cities. Like many large projects, MURPs, because of their complexity and scale, often face the difficulties of being over-budget or late. This research aims to develop and validate a new framework to evaluate mega urban regeneration projects. Four objectives were formulated to address those problems. Firstly, to explore the nexus between MURP, urban transformation, and globalization. Secondly, to identify the characteristics of sustainable mega urban regeneration projects. Thirdly, to investigate existing sustainable urban regeneration frameworks. Fourthly, develop a framework to evaluate Mega Urban Regeneration Projects and, finally, validate the framework.
The Impact of Maintenance Planning on Large Project Management Performance
Section: Articles Structured methodologies and tools for the tailored design of factories are adopted by suppliers of manufacturing systems but usually discontinued after the design phase. The use of an ontology-based virtual factory, continuously synchronised with the real plant, is proposed to guarantee digital continuity and enable in-situ simulation during the operating phase. This digital counterpart of the system can be used for integrated shop-floor simulations to assess production and maintenance planning decisions' future impact. An industrial application is provided in the context of roll shops, i.e., systems devoted to the grinding of cylinders for rolling mills.
Automated Farming System Using Distributed Controller: A Feasibility Study
Section: Articles Keywords: Communication planning,, tools, Factors affecting the quality and method Abstract— Agriculture is fundamental to a human being because it has itranted humanity's evolution. It is among the essential activities that ensure the development of the human being. So, it is capital to ensure good work and the efficiency of agricultural production. Thus, the research is focused on the domain of agriculture automation to increase the agriculture production yield with less water consumption and less risk in Africa, particularly in Senegal, where agriculture delays reaching food self-sufficiency because of rudimentary materials. The farmers are using a hilar, plough, and hoe for doing their daily tasks. The watering can still be used to water a large area of crops and is done randomly. The chemical pesticide is done manually using a manual sprayer, which causes enormous risks of diseases to the farmers and destroys the field and even the crops. This thesis describes an approach to automated farming by the use of a Sprayer Robot based on Arduino. Besides the Sprayer Robot, the paper also presents an automated irrigation system based on the Senegalese climatic parameters and soil textures through CROPWAT and CLIMWAT. The automatic irrigation system is done with a programmable logic controller, the master controller of the overall design, including the Sprayer Robot. Moreover, a SCADA graphical interface is also implemented for the monitoring of the whole system. The project, tested in simulation with the CROPWAT and CLIMWAT data, could give no reduction yield if applied and also reduced risk of diseases due to chemicals.
Factors affecting the quality and method
Optimization of Combined Thermal Power Plant and Performance Analysis using Matlab/Simulink using Real Data: Kuwait as a Case Study
Section: Articles Keywords: electricity generation, Combined cycle power plant, Gas turbine (Brayton cycle), steam turbine (Rankine cycle) To increase the overall plant efficiency, the Combined cycle power plant (CCPP), which is a combination of the Gas turbine (Brayton cycle) and steam turbine (Rankine cycle), is a highly efficient system for electricity generation. In this paper, optimization and performance simulation analysis of Subiyah Combined Thermal Power Plant using real operating data is performed. The model is developed using MATLAB software. The main factors in the top and bottom cycles of the combined cycle are investigated and discussed. The simulation results demonstrate the exhaust of the Gas turbine reached up to 600°C. The net-power output based on the performance model using MATLAB (Simulink) is greater than the station's current real output by 20.5%. The overall thermal efficiency of the power plant is also raised from 50.5% to 55.2%.
Ferroelectric behavior and NCFETs - TCAD Simulation
Section: Articles Keywords: MOSFET, NCFET, , Subthreshold slope, TCAD, Ferroelectric With the miniaturization of transistors, the current leakage also increases due to the increasing tunnelling effect. Plus, Boltzmann’s tyranny limits the subthreshold swing to be best and ideal at 60 mV/decade. Due to these, the power consumption in transistors keeps soaring up. Therefore, in this paper, the Negative Capacitance Effect Field Transistor (NCFET) is discussed as it possesses excellent potentials in reducing the power consumption in transistors. The negative capacitance induced in NCFET enables the internal voltage amplification and reduces the required voltage for the transistor to operate, and therefore, the power consumption is reduced. The literature reviews are done to gain knowledge on the structure and behavior of the NCFET. Next, the process and device simulation of NMOS are studied using Silvaco TCAD to get the idea of developing a circuit simulator model of NCFET. After that, we developed the circuit model of NCFET and MOSFET. Next, the ferroelectric parameters are varied to study how it will affect the ferroelectric material's polarization and capacitance. The ferroelectric thickness and source-drain doping concentration of the proposed NCFET model is also varied to study the NCFET behaviors in peak current, subthreshold slope, saturation current and saturation slope. Lastly, the performances of NCFET and MOSFET are compared. It is found that the NCFET has better performance as compared to the MOSFET as the NCFET can achieve a steeper subthreshold slope.
Copyright (c) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effects of Passive Components on Designing a Three-Phase DC-DC Converter
Section: Articles Keywords: DC-DC, converter, six inverters, three-phase This paper presents the impact of the inductor and exchanging recurrence of a three-stage DC-DC converter for potential application in an electric vehicle. The proposed DC-DC converter comprises the essential and auxiliary stages. The essential phase of the converter is made from total scaffold converter go about as information port which associated in equal, while at the auxiliary stage which goes about as yield port contained full extension rectifier associated in series. At the auxiliary stage, the channel capacitor, an inductor associated in corresponding to sift through the waves from the information voltage and produce a DC yield voltage that prompts better execution. Various phases of the DC-DC converter have been reenacted through PSpice and execution were assessed.